Warren Elliot Henry Scientist and Educator Bio-Bibliography Issued on the Occasion of a Program Honoring Dr. Henry as the Recipient of the Library's 1997 Excellence at Howard Award The Man  |  His Work  |  Career Highlights See also: Reflections, The Genius, the Plaque

Warren E. Henry (1909-2001), physicist, chemist (physical), educator, researcher, inventor, author, was born to Nelson E. and Mattie McDanel Henry on a farm near Evergreen, Alabama. Both of his parents were graduates of Tuskegee Institute and both were school teachers. His father was a very effective farmer. He has been introduced to modern farming methods at Tuskegee and was a colleague of George Washington Carver, the internationally acclaimed agricultural experimentalist and researcher.
       Warren’s schooling began when he was just three years old. His parents took him along to their school each day and gave him toys to keep him amused in the back of the classroom. Warren liked to pretend to be a pupil like the older students, and he surprised everyone by learning to read before he was four years old.
       When Warren was in the 7^th grade, he transferred to the Lomax-Hannon Church School because, at the all black public school that he had been attending, the school year ended in February. He remained at Lomax-Hannon through the 11^th grade. Warren showed an interest in science at an early age; however, he did not receive any formal science education until he left home and entered the 12^th grade at Alabama State Normal School, a residential school in Montgomery, Alabama designed for training elementary school teachers. In the summer before he left home, his mother noted that there were no science courses listed in his schedule. She showed him the chemistry textbook that she had used at Tuskegee and encouraged him to enroll in a chemistry course at Alabama State Normal School. He enrolled in a chemistry course and read the textbook in two weeks. The teacher was so impressed that he invited Warren to become his laboratory assistant.
       At 18, Warren enrolled at the college his parents had attended, Tuskegee Institute. He took liberal arts courses in English, modern languages, mathematics, physics, and chemistry. When he graduated he had enough credits for three majors (mathematics, French, and English). He financed his college education by working as a night watchman and by working in the pharmacy at the Tuskegee Hospital. During the summer months, he worked on the Tuskegee experimental farm, where studies of insecticides and fertilizers were being conducted.
       In 1931, after receiving his bachelor’s degree, Warren found a job as a teacher and high school principal in Atmore, Alabama. During the summer after his third year at Atmore, he attended a summer program at Atlanta University to refresh his scientific knowledge. At the end of the term, the head of the Chemistry Department offered Warren a scholarship to attend graduate school. While at Atlanta University, Warren taught part-time at nearby Spelman College, the renowned school for Afro-American women. After he finished his course work, he concentrated on completing his thesis research and returned to Tuskegee as an instructor in the Chemistry Department. In 1937, he received his master’s degree in organic chemistry from Atlanta University. He would have received his degree in 1936 had he not had an accident in the chemistry laboratory that destroyed his experimental work one night.
       Shortly after he graduated, he taught a course in psychology at Tuskegee and then went on a long trip to see the scientific research facilities in industrial laboratories throughout the Northeast. He visited laboratories in New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC.
       The following summer, he enrolled in an advanced chemistry course at the University of Chicago. Again, he made a very favorable impression on the faculty and was invited to remain as a doctoral student. He also worked to cover his expenses. The faculty arranged for his to tutor undergraduate students. He worked as a hat-and-coat checker in the restaurant in the International House and he conducted door-to-door surveys. However, during the last two years of doctoral studies, he was invited to be a teaching assistant for which he received free tuition and a small salary to cover living expenses.
       Henry’s dissertation concerned the testing of his own invention. His device measured very small changes in temperature resulting from an ongoing chemical reaction. The temperature detector was placed directly in the midst of the reaction and measured changes as small as one ten-millionth of a degree.
       After receiving his doctorate from Chicago in 1941, Dr. Henry returned to Tuskegee as an assistant professor of chemistry. Because of his broad program of studies at Chicago, he was also qualified to teach physics. He was asked to teach special physics courses to the young men who were training to be Army Air Corps officers. These young men would ultimately form the 99^th Pursuit Squadron and become world famous as the Tuskegee Airmen of World War II.
       In the summer of 1943, Dr. Henry was invited to teach chemistry and physics at Spelman College, beginning in the fall of 1943. Before starting at Spellman College, Dr. Henry took a summer vacation trip to Cambridge, Massachusetts to visit Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). While at MIT, he visited with Dr. P.R. Bell at the radiation laboratory. During an interesting interview, Dr. Bell asked Dr. Henry if he would like to work there. Dr. Henry expressed an interest; and, later, after he had begun teaching at Spelman, he received a formal invitation to work at MIT.
       Soon, he moved to MIT to take a crucial job in the war effort. He joined the team that was working to improve the performance of radar systems. Dr. Henry’s work, which was classified as top secret, involved filtering and strengthening the radar signal to make it clear on the radar screen. He invented a device called a video amplifier that worked faster and better than anything else at that time.
       After one year at MIT, Dr. Henry returned to the University of Chicago to work on a post-doctoral fellowship in the Institute for the Study of Metals. He worked with a research group on superconductivity. At this time, jet aircraft were beginning to be used by the military. However, there had been several crashes of jet military aircraft, and investigators reported that the main wing spars seemed to have failed due to "metal fatigue." Dr. Henry found an answer to this problem by using information from his doctoral research on small temperature changes. By testing sample spars made of various metal alloys, Dr. Henry showed which alloy would last the longest and just how long it would last.
       In 1947, Dr. Henry joined the faculty at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia as professor and acting head of the Physics Department. One of his projects was to provide special tutoring for students who were falling behind in their physics classes. The students complained that he expected too much work from them. He explained that because of the rapid progress in the sciences, students and scientists must keep up with the advances: hard work is the price of being a scientist. The students accepted his explanations and agreed to work hard. Dr. Henry was the advisor to six students who graduated with a major in physics. Four of the six went on to Howard University and received the master’s degree in physics.
       In 1948, Dr. Henry moved to work at the Naval Research Laboratory just outside of Washington, DC. The main focus of his research was superconductivity and solid state physics. He and other scientists studied the problems in the practical applications of superconductors. He also taught night courses in physics at Howard University.
       Dr. Henry left the Naval Research Laboratory to join the research staff as a senior staff scientist engineering staff at the Lockheed Missile and Space Company in California in 1960. He later transferred to senior staff engineer. By using his experience in magnetics, he was able to design electronic guidance systems for missiles, detection systems for finding enemy submarines, and techniques for saving people from disabled submarines. He also helped to guide a major breakthrough in electronic astronomy by developing a device that could measure magnetic fields in outer space.
       After Dr. Henry returned to Washington, DC in 1968, he taught courses at Howard University. At first he served as a visiting professor; soon his potential was recognized and he was offered a full professorship in the Physics Department. Later he also taught courses on nuclear systems in the School of Engineering. His main pleasure at Howard came from guiding doctoral students in their research.
       Dr. Henry retired in 1977. However, he still works on his unfinished business . He has been working for some years with a program called Minorities Access to Research Careers (MARC). MARC gives students in their third and fourth years in college an opportunity to conduct research as part of a team. During summer sessions, the students visit other colleges and universities where they increase their research experience.
       Dr. Henry holds seminars for MARC students at Howard and gives them individual help with their research projects. He often accompany these students to The Founders Library for an introduction to the scientific resources of the library system.
       Because of his many achievements, Dr. Henry has traveled the world to give talks to fellow scientists. He is active in numerous professional associations, including presentations at seminars and conferences. He has had courses with five Nobel laureates: A.H. Compton, James Franck, Maria Goepert-Mayer, Robert Mulliken, and Wolfgang Pauli. His research is quoted in many textbooks and other scientific publications from the 1940s to the present. He is the author of many scientific articles and co-author of the book Procedures in Elementary Qualitative Chemical Analysis, 1934.
       During his long career, Dr. Henry has been honored in many ways, including an honorary Sc.D. in 1943 from Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, the Carver Award from Tuskegee in 1978, the Outstanding Educator in America Award in 1974/75, and the Outstanding Black Physicist Award which was presented by the Ad Hoc Committee for the Afro-American Awards Program in May, 1975. In 1976 the homecoming activities at Tuskegee Institute honored the Class of 1931, of which Dr. Henry is a member. During the homecoming, Dr. Henry presented the eulogy to Dr. Booker T. Washington. Dr. Henry is listed in many Who’s Who publications, scientific directories, and other biographical sources.
       In a Professional Achievement Citation of 1999, the University of Chicago Alumni Association wrote:

Warren E. Henry, PhD' 41, is a physicist world-renowned for his accomplishments in research on cryogenics and magnetism who has spent decades working the fields of magnetism and superconductivity. He is a former student and colleague of George Washington Carver, and taught physics to the first classes of black aviators, known as the Tuskegee Airmen, while at the Tuskegee Institute. As one of the most eminent black scientist in the nation's history, he has been a role model for thousands of African Americans. Elected a follow in the American Physics Society, he chaired the
Society's Committee on Minorities in Physics.

      An oral history of Dr. Henry can be obtained from the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center at Howard University. Of all the honors of his long career, Dr. Henry felt most honored by the many students who have followed in his footsteps. Although he was a professor emeritus of Howard University, Dr. Henry still had ties with the Physics Department and was often seen interacting with students, faculty, and staff around the campus, in the Blackburn Center, and in the libraries of Howard University.

      Reference: Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20^th Century, 1996.

About Him

Ferguson, George. Warren E. Henry: Naval Research Laboratory, 1948-1960 Recollections. 34-37

Maclin, A.P., T.L. Gill, W.W. Zachary (eds.). Magnetic Phenomena: the Warren E. Henry Symposium on Magnetism, in Commemoration of His 80^th Birthday and His Work in Magnetism, Washington, DC, August 15-16, 1988. Berlin; New York: Springler-Verlag, 1989.

Thorpe, Arthur. Dr. Warren Henry and His Impact on the Field of Magnetism. W.E. Henry Symposium Compendium, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory, September 19, 1997. ed. Hattie Carwell. 22-27

"Warren E. Henry." Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20^th Century. 1996.

Single-Author Works

1. Henry, Warren E. "I. Resistance Thermometry; II. An Experimental Investigation of the Possibility of Using Alternating Current Techniques in the Measurement of Small Temperature Differences." Doctoral Dissertation, University of Chicago, 1941.
2. Henry, Warren E. "Estimation of the Critical Temperature of Reorientation of Pairs of Zinc Atoms in Alpha Brass." Third Quarterly Report on Deformation. Submitted to ORI by Institute for the Study of Metals, 1947.
3. Henry, Warren E. "A Finite Difference Treatment of a Liquid Helium Cryostat Design Problem." J. Applied Physics 22 (1951): 1439.
4. Henry, Warren E. "Spin Paramagnetism of Cr⁺⁺⁺ at Liquid Helium Temperatures and High Magnetic Fields." Physical Review 85 (1952): 487L.
5. Henry, Warren E. "Some Laboratory Aids to Cryomagnetic Research." National Bureau of Standards Circular 519: Low Temperature Physics (1952): 237-242.
6. Henry, Warren E. "Spin Paramagnetism of Cr⁺⁺⁺, Fe⁺⁺⁺, and Gd⁺⁺⁺ at Liquid Helium Temperatures and in Strong Magnetic Fields." Physical Review 88 (1952): 559.
7. Henry, Warren E. "Metal Dewers for Liquid Helium." Proceedings of the London Meeting of the International Congress of Refrigeration (1952): 106.
8. Henry, Warren E. "Anomalous Paramagnetism of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate." Physical Review 87 (1952): 1133L.
9. Henry, Warren E. "Magnetic Saturation and Apparent Molecular Fields MnCl₂4H₂O." Physical Review 90 (1953): 492L.
10. Henry, Warren E. "Some Magnetization Studies of Cr⁺⁺⁺, Fe⁺⁺⁺, Gd⁺⁺⁺, and Cu⁺⁺ at Liquid Helium Temperatures and Strong Magnetic Fields." Reviews of Modern Physics 25 (1953): 163.
11. Henry, Warren E. "Antiferromagnetic H-T Boundaries and Apparent Molecular Fields for MnCl₂.4H₂O and MnBr₂4H₂O." Physical Review 94 (1954): 1146.
12. Henry, Warren E. "A Strong Field Induced Paramagnetic Anomaly in NiSiF₆6H₂O." Physics Review 95 (1954): 1449.
13. Henry, Warren E. "Quelques études d’aimantation en champs forts et aux basses temperatures." Proceedings of the Conférence de physique des basses températures 60 (1956).
14. Henry, Warren E. "Intradomain Magnetic Saturation and Magnetic Structure of a - Fe₂O_3." Physical Review 101 (1956): 1253.
15. Henry, Warren E. "Coordination Quenching of the Saturation Magnetization of Potassium Ferricyanide." Physical Review 106 (1957): 465.
16. Henry, Warren E. "Strong Field Cryomagnetic Studies of Some Ferromagnetics, Ferrimagnetics, and Antiferromagnetics." Proceedings of the Boston Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials T91 (1957): 299.
17. Henry, Warren E. "Behavior of Some Magnetic Materials at Low Temperatures." Report of NRL Progress January 1957 (1958): 13-21.
18. Henry, Warren E. "Low Temperature Magnetic Studies of Uranium Hydride, Uranium Deuteride, and Uranium Dioxide." Physical Review 109 (1958): 1976.
19. Henry, Warren E. "Magnetic Moments and Apparent Molecular Fields in Some Rare Earth Metals and Compounds." J. Applied Physics 29 (1958): 524.
20. Henry, Warren E. "Magnetization and Possible Magnetic Structure of Barrium Ferrate III." Physical Review 112 (1958): 326.
21. Henry, Warren E. "Saturation Magnetization and Molecular Fields of the Acetylacetones of Chromium and Iron." Physica 24, S160 (1958).
22. Henry, Warren E. "Some Magnetic Atomic Constants and Exchange Energy Density in Cobalt Fluosilicate Hexahydrate." Low Temperature Physics and Chemistry, Joseph R. Dillinger (ed.). (1958). 586.
23. Henry, Warren E. "Study of Some Turbulent Flow Parameters of Fluids in High Powered Magnets." Reports of NRL Progress (November 1958).
24. Henry, Warren E. "Aimantation dans les champs forts et approche à la saturation absolue du neodyme et du dysprosium." J. de Physique et le Radium 20 (1959): 192.
25. Henry, Warren E. "Saturation Magnetization and Ferromagnetic Interaction in Terbium Metal." J. Applied Physics 30 (1959): 99S.
26. Henry, Warren E. "Magnetic Interactions of Free Radicals at Very Low Teperatures and in Strong Magnetic Fields." Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Trapped Free Radicals, Washington, DC, August 31- September 2, 1959.
27. Henry, Warren E. "Strong Field Magnetization at Low Temperatures and Approach to Absolute Saturation of Thallium Metal." J. Applied Physics 31 (1960): 323S.
28. Henry, Warren E. "Strong Field Low-Temperatures Studies of the Magnetization of Europium Metal." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 5 (1960): 492.
29. Henry, Warren E. "Coercive Force, Magnetization Energy, and Implied Anisotrophy of Uranium Hydride and Uranium Deuteride." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 6 (1961): 169.
30. Henry, Warren E. "Saturation Magnetization, Interatomic Interactions, and Remanence of Some Rare Earth Metals and Compounds." Rare Earth Research, E.V. Kleber (ed.). New York: Macmillan, 1961. 165-177.
31. Henry, Warren E. "High Field Low Temperature Magnetization Studies of Praseodynium Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet -Fe₂0_3xPr₂O₃ (3-x)Y₂O_3." Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Phoenix, November 13-16, 1961.
32. Henry, Warren E. "The Absolute Saturation Magnetization and Remanence of Substitute Yttrium Iron Garnets -5Fe₂O₃xLa₂O₃ and 5Fe₂O₃ x Nd₂O₃ (3-x)Y₂O_3." J. Physical Society Japan 17 (1962). 361 (Suppl. B-I).
33. Henry, Warren E. "Susceptibility and Magnetization of Rare Earths." High Magnetic Fields Cambridge and New York: MIT-Wiley Presses, 1962. 552.
34. Henry, Warren E. "Recent Developments in Magnetic Studies of the Rare Earths." Rare Earth Research Notes 1.2 (1962).
35. Henry, Warren E. "The Effect of Crystalline Environment on the Approach to Magnetic Saturation in Holmium." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 7 (1962): 557.
36. Henry, Warren E. "Zero and High Field Study of Itinerant Election Ferromagnetism in Scandium-Indium Alloy." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 7 (1962): 726.
37. Henry, Warren E. "Nonmonotonic Dependence of Magnetization on Magnetic Field in an Itinerant Electron Ferromagnetic." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 8 (1953): 382.
38. Henry, Warren E. "Ferromagnetic Interaction in Au_0..95Fe_0..05." Meeting of the American Physical Society, California Institute of Technology, December 1963. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 8 (1963): 600.
39. Henry, Warren E. "Remanence and Approach to Saturation in Au₉₅Fe_0.05." Physical Review Letters 2 (1963): 468.
40. Henry, Warren E. "Non-Monotonic Dependence of Magnetization on Magnetic Field in an Itinerant Electron Ferromagnetic Alloy." Physics Letters 5.5 (1963):311.
41. Henry, Warren E. "Saturation Magnetization of Europium Selenide and Europium Telluride." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 9 (1964): 114.
42. Henry, Warren E. "High Field Magnetization of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys." Proceedings of the Fourth Rare Earth Research Conference, Sponsored by University of Arizona Tempe) and USAF Office of Scientific Research, Phoenix, Arizona, April, 1964.
43. Henry, Warren E. "Magnetic Interactions in Science and Technology." Beta Kappa Chi Symposium, Atlanta University, 2 April, 1964.
44. Henry, Warren E. "High Field Saturation Magnetization of Holmium, Ho_0.92In_0.08 and Ho₂O_3." Meeting of the American Physical Society, NewYork, 23-25 June, 1965. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 16 (1965): 618.
45. Henry, Warren E. "High Field Magnetization, Remanence and Coercive Force of Au_0.98 Fe_0.02." Meeting of the American Physical Society, NewYork, June 23-25, 1965 Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 10 (1965): 592.
46. Henry, Warren E. "Remanence, Coercive Force and Ferromagnetic Interaction in Dilute Alloys of Iron in Gold." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 10 (1965): 1101.
47. Henry, Warren E. "Magnetization of Au_1-xFe_x at Liquid Hydrogen Temperatures." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 11 (1955): 377.
48. Henry, Warren E. "High Field Magnetization of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys." Rare Earth Research, Laroy Eyring (ed.). New York: Gordon Breach Publishers, 1966.
49. Henry, Warren E. "Low Temperature Effects on Materials for Aerospace Mechanisms." Symposium Proceedings, First Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium, Sponsored by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of Santa Clara, and LMSC (May 1966): 167-180.
50. Henry, Warren E. "Application des champs magnétiques continus intenses à l’étude des transitions antiferromagnétiques et à celles des interactions ferromagnétiques dans les alliages dilués de fer dans l’or." Colloques internationaux du Centre, Septembre 1966. Comptes rendus du colloque Champs magnétiques intenses (1967) 151-167.
51. Henry, Warren E. "Magnetizers Discuss Their Ways and Whys at Grenoble." A report on the International Conference on High Magnetic Fields. Physics Today 20.5 (May 1967): 105-109.
52. Henry, Warren E. "Low Temperature Apparent Magnetic Anomalies in Plutonium Metal." Paper Presented at the Autumn Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences at California Institute of Technology, October 28-30, 1968. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 61 (1968): 11.
53. Henry, Warren E. "Physics for Humanity at Howard University." Howard University Reviews of Science 1.2 (1972): 21.
54. Henry, Warren E. "International Cooperation in Pollution Control." Proceedings of the Junior Academy of Science Meeting, December 1971.
55. Henry, Warren E. "Physics and Interdisciplinary Cooperation." Howard University Reviews of Science 1.2 (1972): 21.
56. Henry, Warren E. "Radiation Hazards and Human Health." Paper Presented at the Philadelphia Meeting of Beta Kappa Chi and the National Institute of Science, March 1973.
57. Henry, Warren E. "Magnetic Interactions and Molecular Fields In Molecular Biology." Paper Presented at Howard University Science Conference, October 26-27, 1973.
58. Henry, Warren E. " Magnetic Interactions and Molecular Fields in Molecular Biology." Paper Presented at Chicago Meeting of the American Physical Society, February 4-7, 1974. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 19 (1974): 101.
59. Henry, Warren E. "Magnetic Properties of Rare Earth Metals up to High Fields and down to Low Temperatures." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 19 (1974): 1119. Invited Paper Delivered at the Atlanta Meeting of the American Physical Society, December 5-7, 1974.
60. Henry, Warren E. "Investigation of the Effect of Magnetic Field on a Low Temperature Resistance Minimum in a Transition Element Alloy." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 19 (1974): 1121.
61. Henry, Warren E. "Suggested Application of Fiber Optics." University, Industry and Government Technology Forum, Chicago, February 3-7, 1975.
62. Henry, Warren E. " Mechanical Lifts-Hydraulic and Precision." University, Industry and Government Technology Forum, Chicago, February 3-7, 1975.
63. Henry, Warren E. "Hospital Bed Position Indicator." University, Industry and Government Technology Forum, Chicago, February 3-7, 1975.
64. Henry, Warren E. "Molecular Fields as a Possible Factor in Physiological Processes." Paper Presented at Norfolk Meeting of Beta Kappa Chi and National Institute of Science, April 9-12, 1975.
65. Henry, Warren E. "The New Role of the Physicists in Technology and Society." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 20 (1975): 705.
66. Henry, Warren E. "Energy and the Future of Man." K.A. Huggins Third Memorial lecture, Atlanta University, March 20, 1975.
67. Henry, Warren E. "Magnetic Interatomic Interactions in Solids:Their Origin and Measurement." Invited Lecture Presented at Atlanta University, March 21, 1975.
68. Henry, Warren E. "The Origin, Significance and Measurement of Molecular Fields." Physics Symposium Lecture at Rutgers University, April 22, 1975.
69. Henry, Warren E. "Reflections on the International Conference on Magnetism in Amsterdam, September 6-10, 1976." Invited Paper at the Winter Meeting of the American Physical Society Stanford University, December 20-22, 1976." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 21.11 (1976): 1298.
70. Henry, Warren E. "Preface." Official Proceedings of the Occupational Safety and Health Symposium for Selected Minority Institutions, Sponsored by Howard University in conjunction with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor and The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D.C. April 6-7, 1976.
71. Henry, Warren E. "Participation of Itinerant Electrons in Dilute Alloys of Iron in Gold." Presented at the 1977 Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society, Chicago, IL., February 7-10, 1977. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 22 (1977): 93.
72. Henry, Warren E. "Determination of the Van Vleck Exchange Coefficient from Experimental Data." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 23 (1978): 216.
73. Henry, Warren E. "A Physics - Society Synergism for Human Survival." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 23 (1978): 566.
74. Henry, Warren E. "Progress in Solar Energy Research and Uses in the African Nations." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 24 (1979): 587.
75. Henry, Warren E. "The State of the Art in High Magnetic Field Production and Use." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 24 (1979): 643.

Co-Authored Works

1. Henry, Warren E. and John T. Williamson. Procedures in Elementary Qualitative Chemical Analysis. Tuskegee: Tuskegee Institute Press, 1937.
2. Henry, Warren E., Paul Brown, and A.H. Frederick. "A/R Range Scope." MITRL Report 755 (June 29, 1945).
3. Henry, Warren E., P.R. Bell, Jr., and T.F. Young. "Semiconductors in Impedance Thermometers for Measuring Extremely Small Temperature Differences." Proceedings of Chicago Meeting, American Chemical Society, September, 1946.
4. Henry, Warren E. and R.L. Dolecek. "A Metal Dewar for Liquid Helium." Reviews of Scientific Instruments 21 (1950): 496.
5. Henry, Warren E., W.N. Hansen, and M. Griffel. "Strong Field Magnetization of CrCl₃ and CrF₃." Proceedings of the Pittsburgh Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, T76 (1955): 60.
6. Hein, R.A., Warren E. Henry, and N.M. Walcott. "Superconductivity of Uranium." Physical Review 107 (1957): 1517.
7. Henry, Warren E. and E.I. Salkovitz. "Reduction of Saturation Magnetization of g - Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ by Pile Irradiation." J. Applied Physics 30 (1959): 285s.
8. Henry, Warren E. and King, V.J. "High Field Studies of the Ferromagnetic-Antiferromagnetic Exchange Inversion in Mn_2-xSbCr_x." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 5 (1961): 511.
9. Henry, Warren E., M. Muir, and C. Betz. "Observation of Superconductivity in Lanthanum Disilicide." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 7 (1962): 474.
10. Henry, Warren E. and M. Muir. "Observation of Superconductivity in La₅Si_3." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 7 (1962): 621.
11. Henry, Warren E., M. Tecotzky, and S.A. Ring. "High Field Magnetic Properties of Praseodymium and Gadolinium Polysulfides at low Temperatures." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 8 (1963): 468.
12. Henry, Warren E. and H.T.C. Lu. "Resistance Minimum in Non-Magnetic Iron Alloys." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 15 (1970): 78.
13. Henry, Warren E. and Pansy Marshall. "Susceptibility of Gd₃Bi from 1.2 K to 310 K." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 16 (1970): 326.
14. Henry, Warren E. and Mathew Edwards. "Exploration of the Use of Pseudopotentials in the Quantum Mechanical Assessment of Magnetic Properties of Cobalt II Carboxypeptidase Protein." Howard University Science Conference, October, 1973.
15. Henry, Warren E. and Joseph Price. "Methods of Studying the Magnetic Properties of Biological Substances." Howard University Science Conference, October, 1973.
16. Henry, Warren E. and Stanley Murphy. "Methods of Studying the Magnetic Properties of Biological Substances." Howard University Science Conference, October, 1973.
17. Henry, Warren E. and Jospeh Price. "Exploration of the Distribution of Cobalt II Carboxypeptidase Protein A and B on Various Magnetic Properties." Howard University Science Conference, October, 1973.
18. Henry, Warren E. and Cleo Bentley. "Calculation of Modified Fermi Functions for Itinerant Electron Ferromagnets." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 19 (1974): 558. Paper Presented by Stanley Murphy at the Salt Lake City Meeting of the American Physical Society, June 12-14, 1974.
19. Henry, Warren E. and Thomas Stevens. "Analytic Distinction Between a Schottky Specific Heat Capacity and a Variable Gap Anormaly in a Ferromagnetic Superconductor." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 19 (1974): 674.
20. Henry, Warren E. and Mathew Edwards. "Quantum Mechanical Pseudopotential Approach to Calculation of Magnetic Properties of Cobalt II Carboxypeptidase Protein." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 19 (1974): 1120. Paper Presented by Mathew Edwards at the Atlanta Meeting of the American Physical Society, December 5-7, 1974.
21. Henry, Warren E. and Stanley P. Murphy. "Analytic Examination of Density of States Casualty in Itinerant Electron Ferromagnets." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 19 (1974): 1122. Paper Presented by Stanley P. Murphy at the Atlanta Meeting of the American Physical Society, December 5-7, 1974.
22. Henry, Warren E. and Titus Young. "Design, Construction and Calibration of a Liquid Nitrogen Cooled Solenoidal Magnet." Paper Presented by Titus Young at the Norfolk Meeting of Beta Kappa Chi and National Institute of Science, April 9-12, 1975.
23. Henry, Warren E. and Stanley P. Murphy. "Low Temperature-Low Magnetic Field Magnetoresistance Measurements on Stainless Steel 430." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 20 (1975): 588. Paper Delivered by Stanley Murphy at Washington Meeting of the American Physical Society, April 28 - May 1, 1975.
24. Henry, Warren E. and Mathew Edwards. "Quantum Mechanical Pseudopotential Approach to Calculation of Crytal Field Perturbed Eigenvalues and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt II Carboxypeptidase A Protein." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 20 (1975): 707.
25. Shaw, Elvira and Warren E. Henry. "Electromigration in Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia." Presented at Spring Meeting of the American Physical Society, San Diego, CA, March 21-24, 1977. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 22 (1977): 371.
26. Henry, Warren E. and Stanley P. Murphy. "A Steady State Liquid Nitrogen Cooled Magnet." Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 22 (1977): 95.
27. Keller, Seymour P., Martin Blume, Askel Bothner-By, Clarence M. Fowler, Warren E. Henry, Robin M. Hochstrasser, John K. Hulm, Israel S. Jacobs, W.L. Levedahl, D. Bruce Montgomery, and Raymond L. Orbach. "High-Magnetic-Field Research and Facilities." Prepared by the Panel on High Magnetic Field Research and Facilities. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1979.
28. Henry, Warren E. and Henry Sampler. "Magnetic Field Dependence of Electron Transport in GaAs in Field Effect Transistors at Fixed Gate Voltages." Paper Presented at the Washington Meeting of the American Physical Society, April 26-29, 1982. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 27 (1982): 463.
29. McBroom, S and Warren E. Henry. "Magnetic Field Effect on a Transistor's Amplification Factor." Paper Presented at the Washington Meeting of the American Physical Society, April 26-29, 1982. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 27 (1982): 463.

Specialty
Magnetism, low temperature physics, solid state physics.

Born
February 18, 1909 in Evergreen, Alabama U.S.A. Died Wednesday, October 31, 2001 in Washington, DC.
 

Education
B.S., Tuskegee Institute, 1931; M.S., Atlanta University, 1937; Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1941.
Postdoctoral study: 1944-1946, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (mathematics); 1946-1947, University of Chicago (physics); 1948-1951, University of Maryland (physics); 1950-1951, Catholic University of America (physics).

Dissertation Title
I. Resistance Thermometry and II. An Experimental Investigation of the Possibility of Using Alternating Current Techniques in the Measurement of Small Temperature Differences .

Work Experience
1969-1977, Professor of physics, Howard University
1968-1969, Visiting professor of physics, Howard University
1960-1969, Senior staff engineer and senior staff Scientist, Lockheed Missiles and Space Co.
1948-1960, Physicist. U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
1943-1946, Associate professor of chemistry and physics, Spelman College
1941-1943, Teacher of chemistry, physics, and radio
1936-1938, Tuskegee Institute
1934-1936, Teacher of physics, Spelman College and Morehouse College
1931-1934, Teacher of mathematics, French, physics, and chemistry; Principal, Escambia County Training School, Escambia, Alabama

Various Courses, Seminars, Conferences, Collaborations, Research, and
other Associations with Nobel Laureates
Arthur Holly Compton (physics, 1927)
James Franck (physics, 1925)
Maria Goepert-Mayer (physics, 1963)
Wolfgang Pauli (physics, 1945)
Robert Mulliken (chemistry, 1960)
William Francis Giaugue (chemistry, 1949)
Robert Hofstadter (physics, 1961)
Petrus Debye (chemistry, 1936)
Harold C. Urey (chemistry, 1934)
Enrico Fermi (physics, 1938)
Glenn T. Seaborg (chemistry, 1951)
L. Neel (physics, 1970)
Isaac Isidore Rabi (physics, 1944)
Lars Onsager (chemistry, 1968)
Felix Bloch (physics, 1952)
Albert Szent-Györgyi (medicine, 1937)
Julian Schwinger (physics, 1965)

Inventions (not patented)
Video amplifiers (2 designs)
IF amplifier
High-impedance probe
Metal Dewar for liquid helium
Magnetic-moment lift
Controlled-atmosphere chamber
Hospital bed position indicator
Fiber-optic system for deep submergence rescue vessels

Awards
Tuskegee Alumni Award
Carver Award from Tuskegee, 1978
Outstanding Educator in America, 1974-75
Outstanding Black Physicists Award. Presented by the Ad Hoc Committee for the Afro-American Awards Program, May 1975

Associations
Chairman, American Physical Society Committee on Minorities in Physics
President, Committee on Minority Participation in Physics, Inc.
Chairman, Committee on Education, Society for Social Responsibility in Science
Representative, Washington Academy of Sciences to the Joint Board on Science and Engineering Education for the District of Columbia, Northern Virginia, and Maryland
Member, Committee on Minority Participation in Physics

Other Memberships
American Physical Society (Fellow)
American Association for the Advancement of Science (Fellow)
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
American Chemical Society
Philosophical Society of Washington
Washington Academy of Sciences
New York Academy of Sciences
Institut International du Froid (Paris)
Nederlandse Natuursundige Vereniging (Amsterdam)
American Association of Physics Teachers
Society of the Sigma xi
Sigma Pi Sigma

Publications (See His Work, above)

Partial list of textbooks in which Dr. Henry’s research is quoted
Kittell. Introduction to Solid State Physics. 4^th edition
Zemansky. Heat and Thermodynamics
Haliday and Resnick. Elementary Physics
Bleaney and Bleaney. Electricity and Magnetism.

Other career highlights:
Attended the International Conference on Magnetism held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands as a participant and discussant, September 6-10, 1976.
Presented the eulogy to Dr. Booker T. Washington during the homecoming activities at Tuskegee Institute. The November 13, 1976 homecoming honored the Class of 1931, of which Dr. Henry is a member.
Invited to return to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the Reunion of Inventors and Innovators of the Radiation Laboratory Personnel, November 15, 1976.
Responsible for four students on the graduate level, supported by the Howard University Biomedical Interdisciplinary Project, presenting papers on their research at the MBS Symposium held at Virginia State College on December 3, 1976.
Honored by the Physical Department at the Winter Festival at Howard University, sponsored by the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, December 3, 1976.
Responsible for two graduate students attending and two additional graduate students presenting research papers at the Xavier MBS Symposium, held in New Orleans, Louisiana, April 11-13, 1977.
Responsible for two graduate students who completed the Howard University’s requirements for the Ph.D. degree in Physics , May 1977 (Mrs. Elvira D. Shaw and Mr. Matthew E. Edwards).
Attended and participated in the American Physical Society meetings held in Chicago, Illinois; San Diego, California; and Palo Alto, California.
Invited to present a 30-minute paper at the December 20-22, 1976 American Physical Society meeting held at Stanford University.

Listed in
American Men of Science, 10^th ed., p.1740
Blacks in Science and Medicine, 1990, p.117
Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20^th Century, 1996, pp.164-168
Ebony, May 1958, p.19
Holders of Doctorates Among American Negroes, pp.149-150
Leaders in American Science
The Negro in Science, p.190
Negro Year Book, 1947
Who’s Who Among Black Americans, 1980-81, 1985
Who’s Who in America, 38^th ed., 1974-1975, vol. 1, p.1402, 1976
Who’s Who in the West

Bibliographic citations provided by Warren E. Henry. Biography: Frances C. Zeigler.
Web production: André K. Mekkawi. Photo: Mod Mekkawi.