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About the School
of Social Work
History of Social Work Education at Howard University
The Howard University School of Social Work (HUSSW)
was established as an autonomous unit in l935, although instruction was
offered in social services as early as 1914. There were strong
advocates within the ranks of the University for social work
education, most notably: Lucy Diggs Slowe, the first Dean
of Women at Howard, and Dr. E. Franklin Frazier, Chairman of the Department
of Sociology. The first “basic curriculum” was offered in the
Department of Sociology and was directed by Dr. Frazier, who had
previously served as Director of the Atlanta University School of Social
Work. He was a pioneer in advocating standards for social workers and
insisting that they be properly trained. The “basic curriculum”
conformed to the 1932 accreditation standards of the American Association of
Schools of Social Work, the predecessor accrediting body of the
Council on Social Work Education (CSWE).
Dr. Frazier was initially assisted by one full-time instructor and in 1937,
by an additional full-time instructor, Dr. Inabel Burns Lindsay, who later
became the first Dean of the School of Social Work at Howard University.
The establishment of formal instruction in
social work education at Howard University emerged during a critical period
in American history. It coincided with the Great
Depression of the 1930s, the enactment of the Social Security Act of 1935,
the emergence of large-scale public social services and the onset of World
War II. These historic developments provided a strong impetus for the
development of social work education at Howard. Additionally,
there was a strong appeal for social work education at Howard from African
Americans employed in the District of Columbia’s New Deal programs.
Few of the recognized schools of social work in America - and none in
Washington - D.C. were open to qualified African American applicants.
A 1932 study undertaken at the request of the Washington Council of Social
Workers revealed that of 69 persons newly employed as social workers only
five were graduates of schools of social work, 10 had completed one course
in “social work training” and the rest were completely “untrained.”
The lack of training was largely attributable to the lack of educational
opportunities for Blacks, who constituted the largest number of persons
seeking social work education among the emerging social welfare workforce in
Washington.
In 1942, Howard University’s social work
program became a division of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
It remained in the Graduate School until an autonomous professional school
was established within the University at the beginning of l945-l946 academic
year. Dr. Lindsay was appointed the first dean of the newly
established School of Social Work. Early accreditation (l930-1940) of
the one-year Certificate Program of the Division of Social Work in the
Graduate School was superseded by full accreditation of the new two-year
Master of Social Work degree program by the time the first graduates
received their degrees in June 1946.
During the 1970s, social work at Howard
expanded to include baccalaureate and doctoral level education.
In the 1990-1991 academic year, the dean and faculty recommended to
the Board of Trustees that the School’s Bachelor of Social Work degree
program be discontinued. The decision was based on three factors:
(1) interest in strengthening graduate and post-doctoral education, and
research at the master’s and doctoral levels; (2) limited resources; and (3)
low enrollment in the baccalaureate program.
Additionally, the School placed a strong
emphasis on scholarly publications and research. The School received
its most recent reaffirmation of accreditation of the master’s degree
program in 1997 for the maximum seven-year cycle to 2004. During 2001-2002
the School organized and implemented its self-study process in preparation
for its upcoming reaffirmation of accreditation in 2003-2004.
The influences which led to the development of
social work education at Howard University were both internal and external.
The intellectual impulse to provide the best education possible for those
working in the public social services continues as a dominant theme in
the School’s mission, objectives and outcomes for students. The School
remains concerned about the welfare and well-being of African American
people and others who are poor, oppressed and disadvantaged in society.
The Black perspective, which includes the Black Diaspora, serves as a base
for a set of guiding principles, undergirding our curriculum and informing
our knowledge development and research activities and social policy
initiatives.
Over the years as the social work profession
and social welfare institutions have evolved in response to changes in
American society and throughout the world, the Howard University School of
Social Work has progressed as well. During the past five years the
School has experienced unprecedented growth and transformation in several
key areas: student enrollment, faculty resources, demands for community
service, collaboration and technical assistance, diversity in staffing, the
attraction of national and international attention to the School’s academic
programs and the intensification of research and knowledge development
productivity.
Today the School of Social Work is a more
complex institution than ever before. The curriculum is richer and
enhanced by new courses, electives and concentrations. The student
enrollment is larger than at any time in the history of the School.
The student body is more diverse in terms of family background, geographic
origin, nationally and internationally, age and persons with disabilities.
Teaching remains the core faculty activity, however, research, knowledge
development, training and technical assistance have become important areas
of faculty activity. Research, knowledge development and funded
projects are major aspects of the life of the School. For two
consecutive years, the School of Social Work was recognized for the
excellence of its programs by the Division of Academic Affairs at Howard
University. The School received the Unit Excellence Award in l993 in
“recognition of significant and comprehensive achievements in the areas of
academic program excellence, student recruitment, grant awards and community
and international outreach” and in 1994 the School was awarded a
citation for Sustained Academic Excellence. For 1997 the Howard
University School of Social Work was ranked number 30 among the 120 CSWE
accredited graduate programs in the United States by the Gourman Report
(1997). In 1994, a special issue of U. S. News and World Report
listing the nation’s “Best Graduate Schools,” ranked the School in the top
third of all 119 accredited CSWE graduate schools. In 1999, the
special issue of U.S. News and World Report listing the nation’s “Best
Graduate Schools” ranked the School in the top fourth of all 138 CSWE
accredited schools.
The goals of the School are to continue on the
pathway of excellence as defined by our history and mission, and build upon
past and present achievements. Our vision of linking practice, policy
and action with research is being pursued through the E. Franklin Frazier
Center for Social Work Research and the Bakers Dozen Family and Community
Resource and Research Center. Long-range planning and capital
development are underway to further the goals of building endowments to
support the core academic programs, faculty and students, doctoral and
post-doctoral education, international programs, continuing education,
distance learning and enhanced learning resource facilities.
Educational Philosophy
In accordance with the mission of Howard University and that of the School
of Social Work, the educational philosophy of our program reflects the
importance and complexity of transactions between people and their
environment. Both the MSW and Ph. D. programs are rooted in the knowledge,
values and skills necessary for professional practice that promote and
sustain social justice and the quality of life for individuals, families,
groups, communities, and organizations. The educational philosophy
recognizes the multiple roles, functions and arenas of social work practice
as well as the interdisciplinary knowledge base upon which professional
practice is based.
The educational philosophy of the School of Social Work recognizes the need
to produce graduates who are educated for competent professional practice
with all client groups, but with a special sensitivity and concern for
people in Black communities. Therefore, the educational programs require
careful consideration of the range of theories and approaches used to
prepare students for competency. While the knowledge base of the MSW and Ph.
D. programs is flexible, both share the person-in-situation framework.
Varied theories and approaches, e.g., systems and developmental theories,
and the psychosocial and problem-solving approaches that can be accommodated
within this framework, as well as by the Black Perspective are used to
prepare students for effective social work practice.
Our faculty is engaged in curriculum renewal activities on an ongoing basis,
revisiting our mission and the vision we have for the future. We are engaged
in long-range and strategic planning as we position the School to maintain
its excellence and enhance its knowledge development and research
activities. The faculty has reaffirmed our mission statement and our vision
to establish a strong program of research and knowledge development for
social work practice and social policy. Knowledge development efforts will
contribute to the empirical base of practice, add to the social work
knowledge base and lead to the improvement and quality of life for Black
people, the poor, other minorities and the whole society.
The mission and history of Howard University and the School of Social Work
serve as the central foundation for the overall objectives of the School.
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